Battle of Solferino - blood red dusk of a vanishing time
On 24 June 1859 was the Battle of Solferino (south of the lake) between the Austrian army on one side and the coalition army of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia and France defeated on the other side. The Austrian Army lost.
This battle is probably the end point of the small states of Europe and the influence of major powers to miniature principalities.
lost with this defeat and the peace concluded in November 1859 from Zurich Austria more or less influence on the entire northern Italy. The way to the Italian unification in 1870 was free. Characteristic: King Victor Emmanuel of Piedmont-Sardinia in 1861 was the first king of united Italy, not quite.
But the German federal government began to crumble with this defeat, Prussia was becoming the challenger of the Habsburg dominance, which eventually in 1866 in the Battle of Hradec Kralove between Austria and Prussia and the Austrian defeat culminated.
The ensuing political events changed Europe from the ground up:
- 1867 balancing between Austria and Hungary: new European superpower
- 1870 unification of Italy: new European superpower
- 1871 Second German Empire
Central Europe was no longer characterized by small states that led to minor war. Central Europe had three great powers, backed by France in the west and Russia to the east. This came after an unsuccessful union and unity and a movement striving Panslavic colonies concentrated on his United Kingdom.
Peace in this game, the great powers held more than 40 years, but it ended with the two world wars of the 20th Century in the largest massacre that had to experience the world ever.
Henry Dunant, a Swiss businessman who happened to be present at the battle of Solferino and the suffering of soldiers on both sides could not look on stoically and organized with residents of surrounding villages a medical service, has probably hardly imagine how beastly people 20th Century can kill. The suffering of tens of thousands of soldiers was enough to start a organization that devoted himself to the care of victims: the Red cross.
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