On 21 July 1954 was signed during the Indo-China Conference, the Geneva Conventions. Participating countries were the People's Republic China, the United States, the Soviet Union, France and - as former colonies französchische - Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.
Vietnam was along the 17th Parallel split. The northern part was the communist and nationalist oriented League for the Independence of Vietnam (Viet Minh) attributed. The Viet Minh were withdrawn in a row to the north, all French people went to the south. For 1956 democratic elections for the whole of Vietnam and the withdrawal of the demarcation line were intended.
France secured Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos's independence and the withdrawal of French troops.
The United States signed the Agreement does not, but only gave a statement to respect it.
The agreement caused major refugee and migration flows. Approximately 450,000 people (mainly Christian faith) fled from the north to the southern part of Vietnam, about 50,000 (mainly members of the communist movement) fled from the south to the northern area.
The provisions of the Agreement were both established in the southern part of Vietnam Nordtteil like armies, which contributed not irrelevant to the conflicts of the following two decades, as both the U.S. and China and the Soviet Union supported the government close to it.
Sources:
final declaration of 21 July 1954 (English)
Foreign relations of the United States, 1952-1954. The Geneva Conference.
The Geneva Conference of 1954 . New Evidence from the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China (2008) - PDF, 2 MB
map of Indochina by the Geneva Convention of 1954 (English caption):
Source: http://www.talkingproud.us/ImagesMilitary/Pedro/SEAMap.jpg
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